B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a biologically active natural hormone synthesized by cardiomyocytes, mainly expressed in the ventricle, and also in brain tissue. When the left ventricle is insufficiency, it is rapidly synthesized and released into the blood due to myocardial traction, which helps to regulate cardiac function. As a quantitative marker of heart failure, BNP not only reflects left ventricular systolic dysfunction, but also reflects left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, valvular dysfunction and right ventricular dysfunction. BNP can be used for differential diagnosis, risk stratification and management in patients with acute dyspnea.